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A framework for designing scalable, platform-independent fault-tolerant quantum logic gates that enable reliable computation despite noisy quantum hardware.
This paper introduces a comprehensive framework for constructing fault-tolerant logical gates using a concept called logical blocks, particularly within topological quantum error-correcting codes like surface codes. The approach treats space and time symmetrically, allowing quantum gates to be described in a unified, hardware-agnostic way. By mapping abstract logical operations into concrete physical instructions, the framework enables efficient implementation across different architectures (e.g., circuit-based and fusion-based systems). The authors demonstrate that these logical blocks can reduce resource overhead while maintaining error thresholds required for reliable computation—an essential step toward scalable, universal quantum computers.